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Main Boards => The Bowyer's Bench => Topic started by: Mike L. on February 12, 2021, 12:49:51 AM

Title: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on February 12, 2021, 12:49:51 AM
So I had a couple of blocks of lignum vitae that were dark green after aging, a process I accelerated with a UVA light tube I made to speed up the process a bit.  As you can see, the lignum was a nice deep green before curing, and then I glued them up with a nice chunk of figured mango and after curing at 170 for 4 Hours,
The lignum bled oil everywhere and turned brown again.  Didn’t see it coming.  So should I wipe it off with mineral spirits and put it back under the lights?  Is the green color ever coming back?  Also what about the glue joints?  They seem solid but that oil pooled up all over.  Wonder if it compromises the bond.  Anybody have some thoughts?



Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on February 12, 2021, 12:51:44 AM
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Oops.  Meant to send this one too.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mad Max on February 12, 2021, 08:33:28 AM
Osage turns dark over time, but only on the out side, if you sand off the outside it goes back.
After you finish the bow is when you should use UV light.
I don't know anything about the wood you have
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on February 12, 2021, 08:46:12 AM
I think the brown looks nice, but I realize that was not the look you were going for. That Ironwood is known for being oily. I think I would try what Max suggested, UV after glue up and maybe cook that epoxy longer at low temperature.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Buemaker on February 12, 2021, 08:52:00 AM
I would not cure this wood with heat, just room temp. To much oil in this species. Was among other things used for boat propeller bearings and needed no grease.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Shredd on February 12, 2021, 09:31:43 AM
All I know is that it is one of the hardest most dense woods in the world and it's oily and it is very hard to come by and I believe it is now protected... I agree with Max and Bue...  I personally stay away from oily woods when building a bow... But then I am more after function than aesthetics...
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Shredd on February 12, 2021, 09:35:36 AM
If it ages to a green, what's the rush??  Just make the bow and it will turn green over time...
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mad Max on February 12, 2021, 10:25:56 AM
UV after completely finished is what I met to say
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on February 12, 2021, 12:16:19 PM
Makes sense.  I wonder if the glue will hold.  If it turns green again it’ll just be a bonus.   I figured the density and weight would make it perfect for a riser.  I’ll know next time to cure it at a lower temp.   I knew it was a rare species, but I just bought it a couple of years ago; no idea it was protected. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: garyschuler on February 12, 2021, 12:34:55 PM
This stuff is very hard and yes was used for support bearings in ships and lumber mills, made great saw guides for mills. I dont think i would use it in bow building.
But you don't know until you try. Definatly would cure at room temp of low heat.
Good luck and let us know how it turns out.
They said you can't make a bow out of OS Bamboo flooring, thats been debunked!
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 11:03:18 AM
I’m going to give these two a try.  Both are lignum vitae and mango, one will have mango veneers and the other will be Australian curly walnut I hit with some green and grey dye yo match the green in the lignum vitae.  Both these risers produced a ton of oil when I cured them at glue up (ea40 170 for 4 hrs), so I was concerned about the glue bonds (and the color) but the bond seems fine as far as I can tell.  I’m going to try 2 64” R/D’s, one with the belly glass all the way through.  I also have one of those fake snake skins I might try on one of them just because I want to see how it looks.  From what I understand you glue them on outside the glass and can take it off later...

It was recommended not to cure the glue so hot to avoid bringing out the oil. Do you guys think I should use lower heat or no heat and 24 hour cure?  I’m using a fire hose press and silicon heat strips.   I usually rough up gluing surfaces and then wipe down with denatured alcohol prior to gluing.  Would acetone be better?

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Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on March 02, 2021, 11:54:20 AM
If you have a thermostat on those heat strips, you can cut the cure time in half by raising the temp 18deg. over room temp, which should not cause oil seeping issues. I would not use acetone, it can draw oil out of the wood. I stopped using solvents on wood altogether. I vacuum, then blow with dry compressed air.

What happened to your other glue-up?
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 12:06:21 PM
These are the same ones, so far nothing happened, I was just really surprised by how much oil leaked out of the lignum vitae; each riser had a puddle of oil underneath and it was dripping pretty steady. I was worried it might have compromised the bond, but they both seem to be solid.  I don’t know of a definitive way to check, but at least they seem solid and I’ve handled them quite a bit.  It’s a really interesting wood, and I love the green color. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 12:07:40 PM
Would denatured alcohol be a problem, do you think?
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on March 02, 2021, 12:26:17 PM
I never put any chemical on wood to be glued either, just fresh grind and glue up.

My hunting bow (til January this year ) I used for 5 years and cured with no heat on it, 24 hours at 70 ish in shop just to see. No probs...
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 12:42:48 PM
Kenny, do you always use around 70psi on the hose?
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 12:43:31 PM
I’ve been stopping at about 55 psi.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on March 02, 2021, 12:46:11 PM
Would denatured alcohol be a problem, do you think?

Not on most woods, but I would not risk using even a mild solvent like denatured on oily woods.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on March 02, 2021, 12:48:53 PM
Yes, but with the amount of glue that squeezes out at 10 psi before I remove the ziptys, and the amount when I go on to 70 psi,  I think 55 is plenty.  Not a whole lot more at 70 than 10 comes out.

I know a lot of folks run in the 50-60 range
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mad Max on March 02, 2021, 01:27:44 PM
On you dry run if the gaps closeup at 50psi that's all you need :thumbsup:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on March 02, 2021, 04:07:20 PM
I just noticed I have .043 glass for the back and two shorter pieces of .040 for the belly.  I think that’s w/ and w/out scrim, right?  I bet if I knew what scrim was I’d know if it was okay to proceed like that or whether I gotta use the same on both...  hey, what’s scrim, anyway?  Other than .003?
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Crooked Stic on March 02, 2021, 04:23:08 PM
Been using 70 psi. For years with no problems.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on March 02, 2021, 05:53:15 PM
Scrim is in uls glass , it is cross fibers , kind of a woven layer supposed to be about .010” from slick side. You can see it if you hold up to light. You will be fine mixing uls and ul
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on April 20, 2021, 04:14:06 PM
#1 of 2 turned out nice.  The mirror image is underway (except Aussie walnut limbs on the belly (dyed green/grey) and a fake rattle skin on the back.









Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Shredd on April 20, 2021, 06:10:24 PM
  Great looking bow...
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on April 20, 2021, 06:27:16 PM
That is really nice , man!!
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: mmattockx on April 20, 2021, 08:09:54 PM
That is a fantastic looking bow.


Mark
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: rainman on April 21, 2021, 08:12:31 AM
Good looking bow.  I have used Lignum vitae in one bamboo backed bow for the handle.  I let it cure at room temp and had no problems.  It has stayed green but my brother who i made it for leaves it in the house and shoots his compound.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Roy from Pa on April 21, 2021, 08:17:59 AM
Very nice...
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mad Max on April 21, 2021, 08:37:06 AM
Nice pair :thumbsup:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on April 21, 2021, 09:05:31 AM
Very nice Mike! You got all the details on that one, looks real good from here :thumbsup:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on April 21, 2021, 09:47:12 AM
Thank you, everyone!  That’s a really good looking combination.  That has to be the prettiest piece of figured mango I’ve ever seen. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Tim Finley on April 23, 2021, 10:25:58 AM
I wash every thing in acetone before glue up .Washing in acetone does not bring up the oils it washes the oil off . If you use a clean rag and just keep washing you will see the residue disappear on the rag Ive even soaked wood in pans of acetone.
  Is the mango you are using in the handle stabilized, mango is not a very strong wood .
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on April 23, 2021, 12:21:03 PM
I can’t say I’ve worked with a lot of mango, but this block seemed solid enough to support a 45 pound bow; it was as denser than most of the walnut I’ve used.  I didn’t notice any voids or varying density anywhere.  I was able to get enough for 3 risers out of it, and the 3rd will only have some small accents.  Can all woods be stabilized?  I’ve never done it before, but I think it’s done by forcing epoxy resin into the cells in a vacuum, right? 

There are mixed opinions as to whether or not acetone improves or inhibits bonding of resinous woods.  The way I understand it, anything that takes oil off of the surface of a wood and evaporates is going to pull moisture from the surface, which does cause oil/resin to migrate until it reaches stasis.  It makes sense to me that oils migrating to the surface while the bond is curing could compromise the bond, but I imagine there are situations where there is too much resin on the surface for the glue to form bonds, and then it would be better to wipe it off. 

I’ve done both with ea40.  I used to wipe everything down with denatured alcohol, mostly because I worry about dust and oils from my hands interfering with a clean bond. The only pieces I’ve had come apart so far with ea40, though, are a couple of overlays on curves that probably didn’t have enough pressure. 

The concern I had in this case was the amount of resin that was drawn out by the heat was surprising; the lignum had been dark green when I started, and afterward all the color had leeched out of it, and the resin formed puddles at the bottom of the oven, and even that bond held up.  I did my best to test it, but only time will tell.  I glued the rest of it at 120, and didn’t see any resin. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Crooked Stic on April 23, 2021, 01:55:33 PM
You dont need acetone on your wood. It does need to be at the right MC before gluing.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on April 23, 2021, 02:11:37 PM
Do you use a moisture meter?  I have an MMC220, but I don’t think it’s very accurate on small pieces.  Also, your have to put the density of the wood in using a chart, and I don’t know how accurate the chart is.  I know there’s a way to calculate the density but I’ve never tried it. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on April 23, 2021, 04:03:05 PM
This thing worked out pretty well, by the way.  I set it up when I was making a chess set with katalox, which is cream colored when cut or sanded, but gradually turns into a deep chocolate brown.  I had to return a couple of pawns, and it was taking quite a bit of time to catch them up to the other pieces, I kept putting them out in the sun.  Then I found out that they use these UVA bulbs to age wood used to make violins, and bought a ballast.  The pipe is like a sheet metal stove pipe I got at Home Depot.  It only took about an hour under the lights.  I have been fascinated by the woods that change colors. [ You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Buemaker on April 23, 2021, 05:50:54 PM
Looks really nice.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: BigJim on April 27, 2021, 08:01:57 AM
Are you sure it is Lignum Vitae? looks more like Vera to me, but they are very similar. Vera is much more available as well.

The pool of "Oil" is most likely because the wood was too wet. If you used smoothon and the glue joint fails, it is due to moisture and not oil... Oily woods aren't the issue, but wet woods are. I have built countless bows out of very oily woods without the first failure due to oils.
Vera is more green than lignum, but once sanded they go back to a carmel color. Works like osage. If you want the green, you would complete the bow shy finish. Then allow to sit or introduce UV and it will green up again in time. It will likely continue to turn dark as it ages even after finishing.

Do as you will, but I would never put acetone on wood. I don't believe it hurts it since the oil isn't the issue. Moisture in wood is the real issue and too many just don't know what they are dealing with... me either at times. Not easy to tell, especially in the hard woods.
 BigJim
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on April 27, 2021, 10:36:57 AM
This thing worked out pretty well, by the way.  I set it up when I was making a chess set with katalox, which is cream colored when cut or sanded, but gradually turns into a deep chocolate brown.  I had to return a couple of pawns, and it was taking quite a bit of time to catch them up to the other pieces, I kept putting them out in the sun.  Then I found out that they use these UVA bulbs to age wood used to make violins, and bought a ballast.  The pipe is like a sheet metal stove pipe I got at Home Depot.  It only took about an hour under the lights.  I have been fascinated by the woods that change colors.


Thats a great idea :thumbsup:  What other woods have you "tanned"?
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on May 01, 2021, 05:57:36 PM
The website I bought it from calls it Argentine lignum vitae; they have 2 kinds, genuine and argentine.  They seem really similar, but I have only pen blanks of the other.  It doesn’t turn as green, but I’ve never had it under the lights.  It didn’t seem like moisture; the resin was black and dried so hard I had to chip it off of the bottom of the oven.  I have only used the lights for Katalox and the Argentine lignum vitae.  I think Purple Heart and bloodwood also react to UV, but I haven’t tried it.  I just think it’s really neat; it only takes about 10-20 minutes to have a major affect.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on May 01, 2021, 06:01:52 PM
I’m finishing up the one with the faux snakeskin.  It’s looking pretty cool.  I’m still struggling to find a good way to clean up glue where the overlay hits the fiberglass without sanding into the glass.  I tried taping a little piece of an aluminum pressure strip, and that works okay.  I saw a post on here about what looked like a little putty knife, but wasn’t able to find the specific product.  I love making these things. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on May 07, 2021, 03:22:48 PM
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This one turned out pretty good as well.  It’s a little thinner than the other one and I’m not sure I like the finger grooves in the back overlay; I wanted to try it, but it’s one of those things where you gotta know when to stop.  Also, these were the first two where I kind of gave up on the tillering tree that was confusing me.  Someone said something about the tiller being built into the design of the fiberglass bows, so I did what Kenny shows in one of his build along and marked increments along the limb and compared width top to bottom.  Then hand sanded them to match.  I used a limb profile template instead of connecting two dots and that made the second one a lot easier to get right. 

One thing that surprised and kind of confused me; the Australian walnut on the belly, I had dyed it green to match the lignum and rattlesnake skin.  Under the glass it looks completely brown, like it was never dyed at all.  The only thing I can think of is that when I started the heat strips, it went a few minutes without the thermocouple between the heaters, which causes the temp controller to run away.  I did that once and in less than an hour it was close to 400 degrees, totally destroyed the bow.  This time it was only 5 minutes or so and it reached about 260 to 280 or so before I caught it.  Took a few minutes to cool down.  It doesn’t seem to have affected anything, but I thought maybe the heat affected the color of that veneer.  Although that was my first time using the dye (water based from Bingham’s).
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Longcruise on May 07, 2021, 05:00:30 PM
A wide flat sharp chisel can work on those transitions.  Meaning to use on the glue and not the overlays.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on May 12, 2021, 06:16:38 PM
I was able to get most of the glue chipped off this way, and a little sliver of tape that was left under the glue. It worked pretty good, thank you for the suggestion. It still looks a bit sloppy to me compared to some of the bows I’ve bought from pros, but it may be fine after pre-finish sanding and clear coat. 
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on May 13, 2021, 10:22:01 AM
I was able to get most of the glue chipped off this way, and a little sliver of tape that was left under the glue. It worked pretty good, thank you for the suggestion. It still looks a bit sloppy to me compared to some of the bows I’ve bought from pros, but it may be fine after pre-finish sanding and clear coat. 

If it looks sloppy before finish, it's likely to look worse after. Finish for me it only amplifies mistakes.
Might want to fuss with it some more. Finish sucks to remove!
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Roy from Pa on May 13, 2021, 10:31:26 AM
Yup, the finish will bring all the little imperfections to light.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 07, 2021, 03:55:59 PM
here is a pic of a bow I made of Lignum Vitae a little over a year ago and another one of that bow today. [ You are not allowed to view attachments ]  [ You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 07, 2021, 03:57:05 PM
well that didn't work.  That is the, today photo, this will be the one from a year ago. [ You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Mike L. on June 07, 2021, 05:14:09 PM
Wow, that’s gorgeous.  I love that wood.  Do you know whether that’s the Argentine lignum vitae?  Did you happen to get it from bell forest?  They still seem to have some in stock, but I don’t think they had another piece as big as I was looking for
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 07, 2021, 05:21:52 PM
Thanks Mike,  I'm not sure which it is.  A good friend bought it for me after I mentioned to her how much I like it. It was actually a crotch of a tree.  I had to cut it up with my chainsaw. The lignum vitae flower is the national flower of Jamaica and my wife and I have a few carvings that we bought over there.  I always liked the heavy weight of it.  I was afraid of the oil also but I wiped it down before I glued it up and haven't had any trouble with it.  I managed to take a nice buck and a turkey with it last fall. [ You are not allowed to view attachments ]
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on June 07, 2021, 05:27:23 PM
SWEET!! Great looking bow!! :thumbsup:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 08, 2021, 08:57:26 AM
Thank you Kenny
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on June 08, 2021, 09:40:46 AM
Those are really nice looking bows! Just need to get rid of that nasty handle wrap and do some checkering :bigsmyl:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 08, 2021, 09:49:40 AM
Flem,
 I couldn't agree more.  It is always fine until hunting season when I start wearing a glove.
 I even have the checkering tools but I'm afraid I'll mess it up.
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: kennym on June 08, 2021, 10:39:33 AM
Nice buck too, I neglected to say that! :thumbsup:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Flem on June 11, 2021, 08:36:56 AM
Flem,
 I couldn't agree more.  It is always fine until hunting season when I start wearing a glove.
 I even have the checkering tools but I'm afraid I'll mess it up.


I know the feeling! I have some G-10 that I want to checker, but have been putting it off for fear of an irreparable screw-up :scared:
Title: Re: Lignum Vitae color change at cure
Post by: Badlands on June 14, 2021, 10:05:52 AM
Actually I'd like to try stippling one but I'm not sure I can keep things symmetrical.