I am totally ignorant of physics, so my opinion may not be worth much. It seems to me that the consistency of the angle would be more important (within reasonable limits)than the actual degree of angle.
I have seen angles of 17 up to 25 degrees suggested for knife, arrow, and similar cutting edges. All work well if the edge is smooth and polished. I usually sharpen by a freehand method (although I do sometimes use a KME) and just follow the angle that comes on a blade. For me, no matter the angle, when it shaves hair, I quit sharpening.