Since the longbow limbs are lighter weight, he could be getting his body more into the bow with the longbow limbs. Or, said another way, he might not quite be coming to full draw with the recurve limbs so that he ends up shooting in a somewhat more open stance, which would put his bow forearm further away from the string. You could check this by standing on a chair behind him and observing the gap between his forearm and the bow as he draws each set of limbs. Or, just put an arrow on his shoulder blades and see if it points more to the left of the target at full draw when he's shooting the recurve.
If that is the case, he might actually be shooting with better form with the longbow limbs, and might just need to use an armguard, or adjust his elbow rotation, as Arne suggests.