I would take a rag with WD40 sprayed on it and remove the tape residue. Clean the whole bow and take another look and determine if all the finish needs to come off or if you can just sand the worst areas with 220 sand paper and use wipe on Poly to restore as new.
If the finish is peeled bad enough to sand the whole bow do so with 150 sand paper being careful not to sand too much on the edges. As the finish is being sanded off the fiberglass you will be able to tell when you are through the finish and into the glass. Don't remove too much glass!
After you sand the whole bow down to bare wood and glass with 150, switch over to 220 and lightly sand the bow again. Then you are ready for finish. If you have access to a good spray gun, I would use Thunderbird epoxy. If you don't, you can hand rub wipe on Poly or Tru-oil gunstock finish.
Al H. a member here has replacement decals if you want have to sand the entire bow down. Good luck with your project.
If you don't want to tackle the job yourself, Whip, the bow-hospital can do it for you, or Droptine59, or bowdoc.