I just looked up a museum website.
You have big-toothed maple, which is a very hard scrubby maple that grows where I live (UT), too. I've used it a little...search washes and canyons in the hills.
Manzanita, if you can find a big enough plant.
Mountain hawthorn, same as above..
Look at Texas and Arizona Kidneywood...don't know, but they come from a good family...
Nogal bush (little walnut, Mexican walnut, also comes from a good family..
You have 3-4 species of juniper, which makes smoe of the best backed bow in the world...
Mesquite is very dense and tough, but again finding a good stave....
mMentions several kinds of oaks, chinkapin, scrub oak....
Much of this stuiff I have never seen or used, but might give you a place to look. All I did was google "Chihuahua desert plants"...