A lot of people like flat cabinet scrapers. But those cause fatigue in my hands. I have an old junky drawknife with a busted handle that I use as a scraper. I can bear down on the wood a bit and not wear out my hands. I have heard of people using meat cleavers and hatchets with good results too.
And yes, you can see the wood coming off, sometimes like very very small thin strips, other times like very course sanding dust. If you can't see anything coming off, then it isn't coming off. Hope this helps