the tapers will basically get rid of weight at the end of the limbs, which will reduce weight and quicken your limbs up a bit. It should also reduce hand-shock some. I use tapers in all my bows and I would say most every bowyer does the same.
As far as how thick they need to be, that depends on your form. You'll probably have to experiment a little to get a formula that works. A good rule of thumb that I've found is .005 of thickness per lam equals about 5lbs of draw weight. That's a general rule, but that may help some. Good luck.
Ethan