There are things we can learn by where the arrow lands when we miss. There are things we can't. For example, missing an anchor, aiming error, weak bow arm, or loss of focus could cause a miss in any direction.
These are some of the things we can learn from these common misses:
High: high misses are commonly caused by a downward pull with the drawing arm, often caused by too low drawing elbow. They can also be caused by focusing on the arrow point rather than the spot.
High right: often caused by a pluck. A pluck is caused when the shooter plucks the string like it was a guitar, in a vain effort to save a creep before it turns into a collapse. The best way to avoid a pluck is to focus on back tension throughout the shot, and let down if back tension starts to decrease.
Right: often caused by trying to release the string by opening the string fingers rather than relaxing them.
Low right: often caused by creeping, a gradual loss of back tension, without trying to save the shot by plucking.
Low: often caused by dropping the bow arm before the arrow hits the target. Also caused by peeking; i.e. raising the head to see where the arrow is going instead of keeping the head immobile until the arrow hits the target.
Low left: failure to achieve good back tension, combined with failure to rotate the drawing elbow behind the arrow.
Left: failure to rotate the drawing elbow fully behind the arrow. The arrow will fly in the same direction the drawing forearm is pointing when the arrow is released. Alternatively, dominant eye to the left of the arrow.
High left: overdrawing the bow using arm muscles, leading to the drawing forearm pointing to the left of the spot.