IBEF bowhunter education classes are taught by volunteers, though the programs are linked to state DNRs for guidance and administrative support.
There is a set number of hours required (16 I believe), and participants are required to take and pass a written test. Students are supposed to receive a manual to read and study before the hands on instruction. In some areas, they may be able to do some of this on line. There is no shooting test, though students usually have an opportunity to shoot their bows and get tuning and shooting advice.
The course emphasizes safety. Among the topics covered are: an introcuction to bowhunting and it's history; the role of bowhunting in wildlife conservation; bowhunter responsibilities and ethical behavior; equipment selection and tuning; preparing for the hunt; using tree stands; shot selection, placement and animal recovery; and general outdoor preparedness.
Don't know how others do it, but the group I teach the course with doesn't aim at the lowest common denominator. We try to make the course interesting for everyone. Whether novice or experienced hunter, I've not seen anyone yet who hasn't left the course without learning something new.
By last count, 17 states now require bowhunter education to hunt.