I think deer use the wind regardless of the orientation of their travel.
If they are quartering to or away from the wind, they are still "down wind" from anything 45 degrees off to one side or the other. I have seen bucks trolling for does do this. It covers more ground for them than walking straight into the wind.
I have seen deer bedded down with the wind at their backs. They are depending on their nose to warn them of what’s coming up behind, and their eyes to scope out what is in front of them.
A deer going straight down wind (which I think only rarely happens, they will almost always be at some angle to the wind) can see ahead and smell what’s happening behind them.
I think in strong, gusty conditions, most deer tend to quarter the wind to keep it out of their face and ears.
Think about it though, going straight into the wind only lets you smell what is directly ahead. Quartering (or at least at some angle) gives you a sampling of everything you walk past.
OkKeith