John49:
This is long....
My wife is the art person so what I know about these types of paint come from her and my experience.
The enamels take more time to dry due to the oil base. They are affected by temp and hum. When I started building arrows she had me play around.. with her.. (NO, not that) ideas on some practice shafts. We found out a bunch about paint compatibility. I also read what had been posted here on TG about arrow cresting, dipping, etc.
So, here is what we came up with: I use a primer or base coat of some color. For carbons I almost always use a white or grey. These do not have to be “Primer” paints. I tape off my arrows and spray at least 2 coats allowing the coats to dry overnight in a very dry and temp stabilized atmosphere. The trick on carbons is surface prep. I clean the shafts with acetone really well before the base coats. I do not touch the paint areas with my fingers. I do the same thing on wood after applying the first stains, steel wool (OOOO) to achieve a very smooth base surface and then two coats (sometimes more depending on wood porosity) of some kind of poly. I have used a thinned oil base poly for this.
Then, on carbons, I am pretty much ready to go with cresting, caps and whatever else I am going to do. On wood, I will prep the surface by LIGHTLY and I mean LIGHTLY wiping with acetone again. This softens the surface and allows the enamels (spray or brush) to adhere to the surface coat. All cresting etc gets the same dry time for each operation but…. (both wood and carbon) I have found I can speed it up a bit by judiciously using a heat gun. Be very careful if you try this as those things can burn right through a shaft let alone the paint. A hair drier works well and generally produces lower heat levels but it is still “DRY” air.
OK, now here is where Cams and I differ, and Tree Rat and I agree…. I use a water based poly most times. I just LIGHTLY.. I mean LIGHTLY spray the work. Then let it dry 24 Hrs. I come back with another light coat 24 hrs later and let it dry. Now I steel wool (OOOO) the surface lightly and finish with 2-4 coats of the water based poly. Doing light coats in a controlled environment does not seem to affect the paint condition.
I have used two different poly finishes on the same shaft just to get a better tip finish. Oil for the tip end, and water based for the cresting etc. I just use a “penetration” band to cover the meeting place.
Cams, just a note, but to get that “crackled finish, I think you have to go non oil over oil or non sticky surface.
Here is a pick after work was done. This is a carbon.
Hope this helps….