Stumpkiller, I've heard a hypothesis that a slowly walking deer reacts less to the sound of the shot, not sure if it's because they can't hear it as well while walking or it takes longer for them to change directions. I shot a smallish rutting buck this year that came in trotting, stopped and started to take off just as I dropped the string. Hit him back a little, still chest, liver and one lung, but still blew all the way thru him, 46 pound bow, 600 grain arrow, same results as 3 previous deer with the same set-up that weren't moving.
I think there are more factors involved in penetration than we normally think about, heck, I normally don't think much at all. I tune a bow so the arrow flys well, shoot a dang heavy arrow for the poundage, sharpen the broadhead, and aim for the chest. Has worked well for me and it doesn't even hurt my head because I don't really think about anything related to math or physics.