We all judge distance, unless we shoot with our eyes closed. We either estimate the actual distance, in yards or whatever, to the target, or we form a mental image and let our subconscious minds set the proper elevation of our bow arms.
If we actually estimate distance, we will shoot over or under the target if our estimate is off. If we let our subconscious minds set the elevation of our bow arms, we will shoot over or under the target if our subconscious minds set the wrong elevation of our bow arms.
The question is, would we be more or less likely to shoot over or under the target if we mis-estimate the actual distance, or if our subconscious minds set the wrong elevation of our bow arms? The answer probably varies from person to person, depending on how good someone is at estimating distances, which is why we have gap shooters and instinctive shooters.