Great series of questions. I will do my best to offer some help.
1. To answer your last question 1st...no books that I am aware of. The "value" of these bows is variable to the nth degree. All depends on who wants the bow, why they want it, and how much $ they have. I can say that the values seem to go up and down in swings. One model will be hot for a while then cool down.
2. The site fredbear-online.com is a great resource for some info.
3. There is a CD-Rom available with all the Bear catalogs that would be relevant to your search. This is a must have IMO for someone looking to collect. Treasure trove of info in those old catalogs. Years each model was offered, lengths, etc.
4. Hard to go wrong with the Kodiaks, Super Kodiaks, and the TD models.
5. Vast difference? Depends on what you would consider vast. I have a 1955 Kodiak that shoots absolutely fantastic! I have not had the opportunity to shoot either a 1959 Kodiak or a TD but both are superb shooters also.
Fred really knew how to make a bow and the quality is unsurpassed IMO. Careful though as collecting old Bear bows can be quite addicting!