I think it would be best to wait for other comments besides mine. I am not certain that the TB2 will make any difference, in the respect that the other glue is present and is, therefore, the adhesive that will be the weakest link. TB2 isn't going to over-rule or displace that existing adhesive. Think of it this way - it's almost the same thing as having paraffin on one board that you want to glue to another. Will it work? No, I don't think so. Yes, I am aware that paraffin isn't a glue, but in this case the same principal applies. I don't think it'd be a good bond. At all.
That said, I don't know if the unknown adhesive can or even should be removed. Can it be? Probably, maybe acetone, maybe adhesive remover as long as it doesn't leave residue behind that make things worse than the adhesive did. Should it be removed, or will it damage the veneer's integrity in the process?
I would strongly suggest that you take a small piece of you r base wood and a small piece of the veneer. Try a glue up the way you intended. Do another mini glue up with just the veneer. Then another with the adhesive removed, as many ways as practical for you, and see how the veneer holds up, then apply just the TB2. In all cases, make it so the the pieces can bend through a simulated drawn arc after they're dried or cured so that you can tell if it'll hold up under that kind of tension.
A lot of tedious work? Sure it is, but how much worse would it be to get the bow somewhere along the process to completion and find out then that the chosen way was the wrong way?
Like I said, wait for a voice of authority. Mine is only giving these suggestions and you have to find out. Sorry, I wish I HAD tried some of that veneer myslef, that way I would be able to give you definite answers.
My two cents... which may not be worth quite that much.