Jesse,
This is going to sound like a smart alec. There is not formula for the gring you describe. When you profile the blade, you have just set the angle to the thickness you have already chose. That could change with every knife. The real working part is the edge.
I dont know how to set an angle on my grinder, like your talking about. I eyeball all the way. If it needs to grind higher to reach the spine, I just make the adjustment with my hand pressure on the platten. Leave the cutting edge about as thick as a thick dime and it needs to be in the center of the blade.
Using a grinder is much simpler and basic than most people think. I did not say it was easy, I said it was simple. You grind till it looks right and dont stop untill it's finsihed. Take it slow near the end and dont go too far with the grinding. Save some material to be removed by hand. Lin