I really enjoy these replies, particularly when other forms of hunting seem obsessed about maximizing distance.
Back in the day, before taking an 9 yr hiatus, I practiced out to 40 yards most days, and could consistently pass the 'pie plate' test at that range with my longbows. That said, the longest shot I've taken at a deer was at 30 yards, and it was perfect arrow placement, pass through, and a 30 yard trail. Like others, I've also passed up shots inside of 10 yards.
Now that my shoulders are as repaired as they're going to be, I'm rebuilding my shooting, and changing my form. My effective hunting range will be shorter, and I'm OK with that.
My own test of hunting distance starts with how far can I put my arrows on target in a tight group (6" or less) with no warm up. As I get closer to hunting season, I'll do that after a hard hike or short jog, so I'm a bit winded and my heart rate is up. That's the distance I consider myself competent on targets. For hunting, I'll reduce that distance by 5-10 yards for deer and elk under ideal circumstances (calm game, shot feels right, I have zero doubts,...). Today my hunting limit would be about 18 yards, and that will get me into the woods with a smile. Hoping to extend that to ~25 by the end of August.