for me, and others may differ, but what takes me the longest is all the nock overlays and riser overlay finish sanding.
my recipe for a budget bow might be plain maple or walnut lams, coloured glass, one block riser, b50 string so that i could eliminate fancy nock overlays, no riser overlay. pre-stretched continuous loop string, so one is not worried about extra twists to get the brace height just right. keep it simple.
i might even consider a design that has lots of side taper , and no taper in the lams. with parallel lams it would be easy to grind the parallels without a sled- so no need for scarf joints.
I think a design that likes a higher brace height may be a good thing too- a good wrist slapping may end a neophytes archery career right there!!
i dont know how much the appearance of the design will effect the budget. i would choose a design that was maybe a bit longer, and more forgiving, and possibly with some string follow.
you are after all trying to convince folks that archery is fun and easy- they dont need a bow with a heck of a lot of zip and that is unforgiving.
a nice stable, forgiving bow to shoot, no finger pinch, and possibly ambidextrous, so any permutation of user base can be accommodated.
names on a bow- may help folk remember the bow they were shooting the previous time.
quickest easiest bow i ever built was a bend thru the handle glass ELB