I would guess that the majority of good traditional archers use a subconscious release. We realize that if we try to open our fingers, we will blow the shot, for two reasons: first because we can’t open our fingers fast enough to get them out of the way of the string, and second because the release would not be a surprise. If a release is not a surprise, most people will make some movement in anticipation of the shot, similar to flinching if a rifle trigger is jerked rather than squeezed. So to get a surprise release, we train our fingers to relax without giving any specific command to ourselves to do that, and we call it a subconscious release. Whether it is subconscious or unconscious is above my pay grade to understand.
Joel’s, and many other people’s theory is that over many hundreds or thousands of shots, the subconscious speeds up this process until we are releasing before we are ready to shoot. This is the definition of target panic, and the recommended treatment is to take control away from the subconscious and use a non-anticipatory psychotrigger instead. Of course, not everyone, in fact I would say not most people, succumb to this problem. Why some people do and others don’t is unknown, AFAIK.
The classic non-anticipatory psychotrigger is a clicker. You pull the bow until you are almost at your maximum, and then you expand to conclusion. In the expansion phase, the clicker will click. It will be non-anticipatory because you don’t jerk it through the expansion phase; expansion is the equivalent of squeezing a rifle trigger, so you don’t know exactly when it will click. It is a psychotrigger because you train your mind to release the shot the instant you hear the click. You are in control of expansion, not your subconscious, so there is no tendency to rush the shot. Joel has come up with several alternatives to the clicker over the years, that accomplish the same thing.