So you are wanting to be able to use one of the two end pulleys, but need an additional square, flat surface mounted to your sander?
It looks like your sandpaper width is enough that you would not have to mount anything under the belt, but could maybe scab a plate onto the existing frame or table. looks like some drilling and bolting are in order.
Max is the guy you want to hear from, he has done machine mods and from the pics he posted, he's got skills!