I am no expert, but I am guessing the elevation does not matter near as much as "other things" .
Other things might be as simple as how scared the critter is. A gun going off, a bullet slamming into an animal, an arrow breaking a rib to get into the chest cavity...all of these things might set an animal into fast flight mode, and a deer can cover 100 yards in..well he's there already.
If it isn't so scared, it may not run as fast (far). Arrows kill by making them bleed and a double lung will often also collapse the lungs so it cannot breathe. They die quickly, if things go well, but in those fifteen or so seconds, they can go 10 yards, or they can go several hundred yards.
Many of us have seen a deer that was double lung, pass thru hit.....mortally wounded, that kicks, looks around, goes back to feeding and falls over.
That deer was not scared and the arrow did not "whack it" or break a bone to cause it to panic.
That's my take on it.
ChuckC
ChuckC