Carbon/foam limbs are touted for 3 things: speed; smoothness of draw; and consistency of performance, regardless of humidity, temperature, etc.
Are they faster? Yes. But you probably won't tell the difference without a chronograph, all things being equal.
Smoother? I have a set of premium carbon/foam limbs (i.e. Trad Tech BF Extremes)that are among the very best available. I haven't been able to feel much difference in smoothness when comparing them to bamboo core and wood lams.
Do carbon/foam make a difference when it comes to temperature, humidity, etc.? Compared to wood, how can they not be more stable and consistent?
All that said, many archers will shoot their wood limbs just as comfortably and effectively as they would carbon/foam.
Mark