When you are making your good hunting or target arrows, don't skimp on your shafts. The shaft is the heart of an arrow and there is nothing you can do to a crappy shaft to make a good arrow out of it. Good arrows aren't difficult, but some attention to detail really helps.
For learning and stumping, stumper shafts are fine and they will teach you how to straighten and select shafts. Spine is much more important than shaft weight.
POC is a fine arrow wood and the standard that most others are compared to. Its two drawbacks are lack of durabality and good POC is harder to find these days. Douglas Fir is my preferred arrow wood. To me, it is the best shooting of the arrow woods and clearly tougher than POC. It varies quite a bit in weight but averages higher than POC. Sitka Spruce is another fine wood. It boasts the highest strength to weight ratio of all wood, averages a bit lighter than POC and is also tougher. Lodgepole pine/chundoo is also good if you find some.
TJ's book is a great resource. Keep asking and we will keep answering.