Roger Norris, I have found the same general results on foam, due to the smaller diameter, the carbon penetrated best(slightly). A 5|16 wood shaft with super arrow flight was second best. Even with arrows from 9.4% to 28% FOC and weight from 580 gr. to 740gr., unknown velocity, 4 different 2 blade broadheads, 12 different arrow setups. Tuning for arrow flight was the most notable factor for penetration. Fun to play around with. Maybe a 200# pound bag a hamburger would be a good penetration medium that is sectioned off every 8" with 1\\8" plywood. ha ha