I received a private message from Knobby aka Gary that did a wonderful job summarizing the key hole pits. Rather than me try to explain I just copied and pasted Gary's message.
Understand that "all" of the cliff dwellings and mesa dwellings used this circular hole.
Per Gary....
Dear Tim.....While enjoying your pics from Mesa Verde, I noticed the second pic has a circular enclosure, somewhat below ground level. It's known as a kiva, and since we toured Mesa Verde many years ago, I had assumed it was simply a place to get warm, with the fire and a roof over the top.
I wasn't even close to it's purpose. Our daughter has a Masters in Native American studies and when I asked her about it, she said the kivas served a religious purpose among the Anasazi. The hole in the floor(the sipapu) represents where their ancestors emerged from a previous world into the present. This is based on what the Pueblo tribe uses them for.
Thanks Gary....
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